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Compare Christmas Island (2001) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006)
Compare Christmas Island (2001) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006)
| Christmas Island (2001) | Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006) | |
 | -2006-bmala.jpg) | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of Australia) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2006 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | NA | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 5 (2006) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 3
under 914 m: 3 (2006) |
| Area | total:
135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 12,173 sq km
land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | NA births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues: $66.2 million
expenditures: $67.9 million; including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
| Capital | The Settlement | name: Stanley
geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 41 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends third Sunday in April |
| Climate | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
| Coastline | 138.9 km | 1,288 km |
| Constitution | Christmas Island Act of 1958 | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) | - |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $NA | $NA |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Disputes - international | none | Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $0 (1997 est.) |
| Economy - overview | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island. | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date, no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 20.68 million kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 22.23 million kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population | British |
| Exchange rates | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.55 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001)
note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Governor Alan HUCKLE (since 25 August 2006); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | $NA | NA bbl/day |
| Exports - commodities | phosphate | wool, hides, meat |
| Exports - partners | Australia, NZ | Spain 81.9%, US 6%, UK 4.5% (2005) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: 95%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 10 30 S, 105 40 E | 51 45 S, 59 00 W |
| Geography - note | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season |
| Highways | total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry) paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA | NA bbl/day |
| Imports - commodities | consumer goods | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing |
| Imports - partners | principally Australia | UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2005) |
| Independence | none (territory of Australia) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) | fish and wool processing; tourism |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 3.6% (1998) |
| International organization participation | none | ICFTU, UPU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction |
| Labor force | NA | 1,724 (est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) | agriculture: 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
industry and services: 5% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
NA% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: NA% note: mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005) |
| Languages | English, Chinese, Malay | English |
| Legal system | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law | English common law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - two ex officio, eight elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor
elections: last held 17 November 2005 (next to be held November 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Literacy | - | NA |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | South America |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | - |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | - | no regular military forces |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA |
| National holiday | NA | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) |
| Nationality | noun:
Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island |
noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island |
| Natural hazards | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard | strong winds persist throughout the year |
| Natural resources | phosphate | fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | none; all independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | none |
| Population | 2,771 (July 2001 est.) | 2,967 (July 2006 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 7.77% (2001 est.) | 2.44% (2006 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Flying Fish Cove | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0
note: British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 (FM) and Radio 2 (AM) service (2006) |
| Radios | 1,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 24 km to serve phosphate mines | - |
| Religions | Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991) | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service |
general assessment: NA
domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 2,400 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1999) | 0 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 2 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to members of UK Forces as well as islanders)
note: cable television is available in Stanley (2006) |
| Terrain | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | full employment; labor shortage (2001) |
| Waterways | none | - |
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